n. 1
A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.
The X-ray showed a shadow on his lung.
n. 2
Relative darkness, especially as caused by the interruption of light; gloom; obscurity.
I immediately jumped into shadow as I saw them approach.
n. 3
An area protected by an obstacle (likened to an object blocking out sunlight).
The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.
v. 1
To shade, cloud, or darken.
The artist chose to shadow this corner of the painting.

Related words

Word family: shadower shadowgraph shadowland shadowy
Phrases: shadow government shadow fleet shadow library shadow play acoustic shadow digital shadow five o'clock shadow shadow buffer

Forms

Plural: shadows → phantoms, phantasms, ghosts, apparitions…
Past participle: shadowed
e.g. shadowed → dwarfed, overshadowed, clouded, gloomed…

Use in printed books, per decade from 1850 to 2019.

4 letters: type¹, dark¹, tail¹
5 letters: night¹, cover², image², cloud¹, ghost¹, trace¹, grain¹, shade¹, dwarf¹, gloom¹, umbra²
6 letters: screen¹, darken²
7 letters: shelter², obscure², phantom², vestige², umbrage², fantasm, beshade
8 letters: darkness², tincture², phantasm³, penumbra³, shadower, silhouet
9 letters: obscurity⁴, adumbrate
10 letters: protection³, reflection³, silhouette³, apparition⁴, overshadow⁴

The small number after each word is its number of syllables (cover² = 2 syllables).