A caricature is a grotesque exaggeration of striking features or peculiarities, generally of a person; a burlesque treats any subject in an absurd or incongruous manner.

J. C. Fernald, English Synonyms and Antonyms (1914)

Example sentences

overstatement Saying that place was sterile would be a bit of an overstatement.
caricature This is not a parody, but a friendly caricature.
hyperbole "Hyperbole" is a fancy way of saying "exaggeration."

Popularity over time

Word	1850 → 2019	Trend
exaggeration		steady
overstatement		falling
caricature		steady
hyperbole		rising
hyperbolism		steady

Use in printed books, per decade from 1850 to 2019.

By length

9 letters: hyperbole⁴
10 letters: caricature⁴
11 letters: aggravation⁴, hyperbolism
13 letters: magnification⁵, overstatement⁴

The small number after each word is its number of syllables (hyperbole⁴ = 4 syllables).

In other languages

Français: exagération
Italiano: esagerazione
Español: exageración
Deutsch: Übertreibung